Analysis of CRISPR-CAS immune systems

Lactic acid bacteria have been widely used in the formulation of starter cultures and as health-promoting probiotics in the dairy industry. Specifically, some strains are used as industrial workhorses for rapid and consistent acidification of milk in cheese and yoghurt manufacturing, and specific valuable strains are selected for the flavor and texture attributes that they provide, together with their ability to withstand manufacturing processes. Likewise, a diversity of bacterial strains are used as probiotics in food products and dietary supplements because of their documented ability to positively impact human health in clinical studies. Notwithstanding the many studies that have documented the functional attributes of these desirable bacteria, there is a need to better understand their genomic content, genetic diversity, and further our understanding of the key elements that drive genome evolution, integrity and functionality. In the current study, the objectives are to: characterize hypervariable genomic content to understand bacterial identity and diversity; investigate the immune system (CRISPR-Cas system) of these important food cultures; and develop tools that will enhance their industrial domestication, and further their functional exploitation in the food supply. The generated results will advance our knowledge and understanding of these fantastic food ingredients, and allow scientists in academia and in the industry to formulate a better and safer food supply.