Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors

R. Agnese; A. J. Anderson; T. Aramaki; W. Baker; D. Balakishiyeva; S. Banik; D. Barker; R. Basu Thakur; D. A. Bauer; T. Binder; A. Borgland; M. A. Bowles; P. L. Brink; R. Bunker; B. Cabrera; D. O. Caldwell; R. Calkins; C. Cartaro; D. G. Cerdeño; Y. Y. Chang; H. Chagani; Y. Chen; J. Cooley; B. Cornell; P. Cushman; M. Daal; T. Doughty; E. M. Dragowsky; L. Esteban; S. Fallows; E. Fascione; E. Figueroa-Feliciano; M. Fritts; G. Gerbier; R. Germond; M. Ghaith; G. L. Godfrey; S. R. Golwala; J. Hall; H. R. Harris; D. Holmgren; Z. Hong; L. Hsu; M. E. Huber; V. Iyer; D. Jardin; A. Jastram; C. Jena; M. H. Kelsey; A. Kennedy; A. Kubik; N. A. Kurinsky; A. Leder; E. Lopez Asamar; P. Lukens; D. MacDonell; R. Mahapatra; V. Mandic; N. Mast; K. A. McCarthy; E. H. Miller; N. Mirabolfathi; R. A. Moffatt; B. Mohanty; D. Moore; J. D. Morales Mendoza; J. Nelson; S. M. Oser; K. Page; W. A. Page; R. Partridge; M. Penalver Martinez; M. Pepin; A. Phipps; S. Poudel; M. Pyle; H. Qiu; W. Rau; P. Redl; A. Reisetter; A. Roberts; H. E. Rogers; A. E. Robinson; T. Saab; B. Sadoulet; J. Sander; K. Schneck; R. W. Schnee; S. Scorza; K. Senapati; B. Serfass; D. Speller; P. C.F. Di Stefano; M. Stein; J. Street; H. A. Tanaka; D. Toback; R. Underwood; A. N. Villano; B. von Krosigk; B. Welliver; J. S. Wilson; M. J. Wilson; D. H. Wright; S. Yellin; J. J. Yen; B. A. Young; X. Zhang; X. Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors

R. Agnese, A. J. Anderson, T. Aramaki, W. Baker, D. Balakishiyeva, S. Banik, D. Barker, R. Basu Thakur, D. A. Bauer, T. Binder, A. Borgland, M. A. Bowles, P. L. Brink, R. Bunker, B. Cabrera, D. O. Caldwell, R. Calkins, C. Cartaro, D. G. Cerdeño, Y. Y. ChangH. Chagani, Y. Chen, J. Cooley, B. Cornell, P. Cushman, M. Daal, T. Doughty, E. M. Dragowsky, L. Esteban, S. Fallows, E. Fascione, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, M. Fritts, G. Gerbier, R. Germond, M. Ghaith, G. L. Godfrey, S. R. Golwala, J. Hall, H. R. Harris, D. Holmgren, Z. Hong, L. Hsu, M. E. Huber, V. Iyer, D. Jardin, A. Jastram, C. Jena, M. H. Kelsey, A. Kennedy, A. Kubik, N. A. Kurinsky, A. Leder, E. Lopez Asamar, P. Lukens, D. MacDonell, R. Mahapatra, V. Mandic, N. Mast, K. A. McCarthy, E. H. Miller, N. Mirabolfathi, R. A. Moffatt, B. Mohanty, D. Moore, J. D. Morales Mendoza, J. Nelson, S. M. Oser, K. Page, W. A. Page, R. Partridge, M. Penalver Martinez, M. Pepin, A. Phipps, S. Poudel, M. Pyle, H. Qiu, W. Rau, P. Redl, A. Reisetter, A. Roberts, H. E. Rogers, A. E. Robinson, T. Saab, B. Sadoulet, J. Sander, K. Schneck, R. W. Schnee, S. Scorza, K. Senapati, B. Serfass, D. Speller, P. C.F. Di Stefano, M. Stein, J. Street, H. A. Tanaka, D. Toback, R. Underwood, A. N. Villano, B. von Krosigk, B. Welliver, J. S. Wilson, M. J. Wilson, D. H. Wright, S. Yellin, J. J. Yen, B. A. Young, X. Zhang, X. Zhao

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum ²⁵²Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8_−0.9 ^+0.7% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ∼4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ∼75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	71-81
Number of pages	11
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	905
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028
Publication status	Published - Oct 11 2018
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

Keywords

Dark matter
Detector calibration
Ionization yield
Nuclear-recoil energy scale

Access to Document

10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

Cite this

Agnese, R., Anderson, A. J., Aramaki, T., Baker, W., Balakishiyeva, D., Banik, S., Barker, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bauer, D. A., Binder, T., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Calkins, R., Cartaro, C., Cerdeño, D. G., ... Zhao, X. (2018). Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 905, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

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title = "Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors",

abstract = "The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8−0.9 +0.7% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ∼4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ∼75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.",

keywords = "Dark matter, Detector calibration, Ionization yield, Nuclear-recoil energy scale",

author = "R. Agnese and Anderson, {A. J.} and T. Aramaki and W. Baker and D. Balakishiyeva and S. Banik and D. Barker and {Basu Thakur}, R. and Bauer, {D. A.} and T. Binder and A. Borgland and Bowles, {M. A.} and Brink, {P. L.} and R. Bunker and B. Cabrera and Caldwell, {D. O.} and R. Calkins and C. Cartaro and Cerde{\~n}o, {D. G.} and Chang, {Y. Y.} and H. Chagani and Y. Chen and J. Cooley and B. Cornell and P. Cushman and M. Daal and T. Doughty and Dragowsky, {E. M.} and L. Esteban and S. Fallows and E. Fascione and E. Figueroa-Feliciano and M. Fritts and G. Gerbier and R. Germond and M. Ghaith and Godfrey, {G. L.} and Golwala, {S. R.} and J. Hall and Harris, {H. R.} and D. Holmgren and Z. Hong and L. Hsu and Huber, {M. E.} and V. Iyer and D. Jardin and A. Jastram and C. Jena and Kelsey, {M. H.} and A. Kennedy and A. Kubik and Kurinsky, {N. A.} and A. Leder and {Lopez Asamar}, E. and P. Lukens and D. MacDonell and R. Mahapatra and V. Mandic and N. Mast and McCarthy, {K. A.} and Miller, {E. H.} and N. Mirabolfathi and Moffatt, {R. A.} and B. Mohanty and D. Moore and {Morales Mendoza}, {J. D.} and J. Nelson and Oser, {S. M.} and K. Page and Page, {W. A.} and R. Partridge and {Penalver Martinez}, M. and M. Pepin and A. Phipps and S. Poudel and M. Pyle and H. Qiu and W. Rau and P. Redl and A. Reisetter and A. Roberts and Rogers, {H. E.} and Robinson, {A. E.} and T. Saab and B. Sadoulet and J. Sander and K. Schneck and Schnee, {R. W.} and S. Scorza and K. Senapati and B. Serfass and D. Speller and {Di Stefano}, {P. C.F.} and M. Stein and J. Street and Tanaka, {H. A.} and D. Toback and R. Underwood and Villano, {A. N.} and {von Krosigk}, B. and B. Welliver and Wilson, {J. S.} and Wilson, {M. J.} and Wright, {D. H.} and S. Yellin and Yen, {J. J.} and Young, {B. A.} and X. Zhang and X. Zhao",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",

year = "2018",

month = oct,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028",

language = "English",

volume = "905",

pages = "71--81",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Agnese, R, Anderson, AJ, Aramaki, T, Baker, W, Balakishiyeva, D, Banik, S, Barker, D, Basu Thakur, R, Bauer, DA, Binder, T, Borgland, A, Bowles, MA, Brink, PL, Bunker, R, Cabrera, B, Caldwell, DO, Calkins, R, Cartaro, C, Cerdeño, DG, Chang, YY, Chagani, H, Chen, Y, Cooley, J, Cornell, B, Cushman, P, Daal, M, Doughty, T, Dragowsky, EM, Esteban, L, Fallows, S, Fascione, E, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Fritts, M, Gerbier, G, Germond, R, Ghaith, M, Godfrey, GL, Golwala, SR, Hall, J, Harris, HR, Holmgren, D, Hong, Z, Hsu, L, Huber, ME, Iyer, V, Jardin, D, Jastram, A, Jena, C, Kelsey, MH, Kennedy, A, Kubik, A, Kurinsky, NA, Leder, A, Lopez Asamar, E, Lukens, P, MacDonell, D, Mahapatra, R, Mandic, V, Mast, N, McCarthy, KA, Miller, EH, Mirabolfathi, N, Moffatt, RA, Mohanty, B, Moore, D, Morales Mendoza, JD, Nelson, J, Oser, SM, Page, K, Page, WA, Partridge, R, Penalver Martinez, M, Pepin, M, Phipps, A, Poudel, S, Pyle, M, Qiu, H, Rau, W, Redl, P, Reisetter, A, Roberts, A, Rogers, HE, Robinson, AE, Saab, T, Sadoulet, B, Sander, J, Schneck, K, Schnee, RW, Scorza, S, Senapati, K, Serfass, B, Speller, D, Di Stefano, PCF, Stein, M, Street, J, Tanaka, HA, Toback, D, Underwood, R, Villano, AN, von Krosigk, B, Welliver, B, Wilson, JS, Wilson, MJ, Wright, DH, Yellin, S, Yen, JJ, Young, BA, Zhang, X & Zhao, X 2018, 'Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 905, pp. 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors

AU - Agnese, R.

AU - Anderson, A. J.

AU - Aramaki, T.

AU - Baker, W.

AU - Balakishiyeva, D.

AU - Banik, S.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Basu Thakur, R.

AU - Bauer, D. A.

AU - Binder, T.

AU - Borgland, A.

AU - Bowles, M. A.

AU - Brink, P. L.

AU - Bunker, R.

AU - Cabrera, B.

AU - Caldwell, D. O.

AU - Calkins, R.

AU - Cartaro, C.

AU - Cerdeño, D. G.

AU - Chang, Y. Y.

AU - Chagani, H.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cooley, J.

AU - Cornell, B.

AU - Cushman, P.

AU - Daal, M.

AU - Doughty, T.

AU - Dragowsky, E. M.

AU - Esteban, L.

AU - Fallows, S.

AU - Fascione, E.

AU - Figueroa-Feliciano, E.

AU - Fritts, M.

AU - Gerbier, G.

AU - Germond, R.

AU - Ghaith, M.

AU - Godfrey, G. L.

AU - Golwala, S. R.

AU - Hall, J.

AU - Harris, H. R.

AU - Holmgren, D.

AU - Hong, Z.

AU - Hsu, L.

AU - Huber, M. E.

AU - Iyer, V.

AU - Jardin, D.

AU - Jastram, A.

AU - Jena, C.

AU - Kelsey, M. H.

AU - Kennedy, A.

AU - Kubik, A.

AU - Kurinsky, N. A.

AU - Leder, A.

AU - Lopez Asamar, E.

AU - Lukens, P.

AU - MacDonell, D.

AU - Mahapatra, R.

AU - Mandic, V.

AU - Mast, N.

AU - McCarthy, K. A.

AU - Miller, E. H.

AU - Mirabolfathi, N.

AU - Moffatt, R. A.

AU - Mohanty, B.

AU - Moore, D.

AU - Morales Mendoza, J. D.

AU - Nelson, J.

AU - Oser, S. M.

AU - Page, K.

AU - Page, W. A.

AU - Partridge, R.

AU - Penalver Martinez, M.

AU - Pepin, M.

AU - Phipps, A.

AU - Poudel, S.

AU - Pyle, M.

AU - Qiu, H.

AU - Rau, W.

AU - Redl, P.

AU - Reisetter, A.

AU - Roberts, A.

AU - Rogers, H. E.

AU - Robinson, A. E.

AU - Saab, T.

AU - Sadoulet, B.

AU - Sander, J.

AU - Schneck, K.

AU - Schnee, R. W.

AU - Scorza, S.

AU - Senapati, K.

AU - Serfass, B.

AU - Speller, D.

AU - Di Stefano, P. C.F.

AU - Stein, M.

AU - Street, J.

AU - Tanaka, H. A.

AU - Toback, D.

AU - Underwood, R.

AU - Villano, A. N.

AU - von Krosigk, B.

AU - Welliver, B.

AU - Wilson, J. S.

AU - Wilson, M. J.

AU - Wright, D. H.

AU - Yellin, S.

AU - Yen, J. J.

AU - Young, B. A.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Zhao, X.

PY - 2018/10/11

Y1 - 2018/10/11

N2 - The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8−0.9 +0.7% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ∼4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ∼75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.

AB - The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8−0.9 +0.7% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ∼4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ∼75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.

KW - Dark matter

KW - Detector calibration

KW - Ionization yield

KW - Nuclear-recoil energy scale

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050559650&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85050559650&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2018.07.028

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85050559650

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 905

SP - 71

EP - 81

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Keywords

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