Development and Validation of an Image Based, Computed Trabecular Network Model for Estimating Vertebral Fracture Risk in the Aging Population

Project Summary
The aging process often results in decreased bone health in the lumbar spine which can lead to increased risk
of vertebral injury. Osteoporosis most affects the density and distribution of trabecular (spongy) bone, but current
models overlook the heterogeneous qualities of this region. Finite element (FE) modeling offers a noninvasive
method to assess fracture risk using metrics of bone quality measured from quantitative computed tomography
scans (qCT). However, due to current limitations of CT scans, it can be difficult to accurately quantify bone
degradation clinically. The primary objectives of this proposed study are to develop a novel computed trabecular
matrix for lumbar vertebrae trabeculae that will be used to extract additional information from CT scans. The
computed trabecular matrix that results from this study could provide additional insight into the relationship
between image data and bone strength.
Bone morphology, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and cortical thickness will be measured in qCT scans of
cadaveric lumbar spine. In addition, average daily compressive load at each vertebra will be calculated from
patient weight and height. These metrics will be input to Optistruct, which will then perform topology optimization
to optimally distribute the load throughout the trabecular region. These vertebral models will be compressed until
failure. To validate the biomechanical properties of the computed trabecular matrix, the same cadaveric
vertebrae will be removed and compressed to failure using a servohydraulic uniaxial loading system.
The novel computed trabecular matrix will then be used to model the effects of aging on bone quality degradation.
Bone quality metrics of the lumbar spine will be obtained from 30 adults between 50-79 years of age who
underwent baseline and follow-up CT scans 12-48 months apart. A computed trabecular matrix will be created
for each follow-up and baseline scan to analyze changes in bone strength, vertebral geometry, and cortical
thickness.
This research will employ an interdisciplinary approach by using radiology, biomechanics, and orthopaedics to
study age-related bone decrement. The project will yield a novel computed trabecular matrix to extract additional
clinically relevant data from image series, further adding value to CT scans in the fields of geriatrics and
orthopaedics.